diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Content.cs b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Content.cs
index 7abaac3404..343310dd4e 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Content.cs
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Content.cs
@@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
         public bool Blueprint { get; internal set; }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
-        public virtual bool TryPublishAllValues()
+        internal virtual bool TryPublishAllValues()
         {
             // the values we want to publish should be valid
-            if (ValidateAll().Any())
+            if (ValidateAllProperties().Any())
                 return false; //fixme this should return an attempt with error results
 
             // Name and PublishName are managed by the repository, but Names and PublishNames
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
             ContentType.ValidateVariation(culture, segment, throwIfInvalid: true);
 
             // the values we want to publish should be valid
-            if (Validate(culture, segment).Any())
+            if (ValidateProperties(culture, segment).Any())
                 return false; //fixme this should return an attempt with error results
 
             // Name and PublishName are managed by the repository, but Names and PublishNames
@@ -370,10 +370,12 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
-        public virtual bool PublishCultureValues(string culture = null)
-        {
+        internal virtual bool PublishCultureValues(string culture = null)
+        {
+            //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+
             // the values we want to publish should be valid
-            if (ValidateCulture(culture).Any())
+            if (ValidatePropertiesForCulture(culture).Any())
                 return false;
 
             // Name and PublishName are managed by the repository, but Names and PublishNames
diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/ContentBase.cs b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/ContentBase.cs
index 8bf57f4270..fceaba158f 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/ContentBase.cs
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/ContentBase.cs
@@ -307,21 +307,23 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
 
         #region Validation
 
-        public virtual Property[] ValidateAll()
-        {
+        internal virtual Property[] ValidateAllProperties()
+        {
+            //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+
             return Properties.Where(x => !x.IsAllValid()).ToArray();
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Validates the content item's properties for the provided culture/segment
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="culture"></param>
-        /// <param name="segment"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// This will not perform validation for properties that do not match the required ContentVariation based on the culture/segment values provided
-        /// </remarks>
-        public virtual Property[] Validate(string culture = null, string segment = null)
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public bool IsValid(string culture = null, string segment = null)
+        {
+            var name = GetName(culture);
+            if (name.IsNullOrWhiteSpace()) return false;
+            return ValidateProperties(culture, segment).Length == 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual Property[] ValidateProperties(string culture = null, string segment = null)
         {
             return Properties.Where(x =>
             {
@@ -337,8 +339,10 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
             }).ToArray();
         }
 
-        public virtual Property[] ValidateCulture(string culture = null)
-        {
+        internal virtual Property[] ValidatePropertiesForCulture(string culture = null)
+        {
+            //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+
             return Properties.Where(x => !x.IsCultureValid(culture)).ToArray();
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContent.cs b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContent.cs
index fca50c328c..51cc3e42ff 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContent.cs
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContent.cs
@@ -169,8 +169,9 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
         /// <para>The document must then be published via the content service.</para>
         /// <para>Values are not published if they are not valid.</para>
         /// </remarks>
-        //fixme return an Attempt with some error results if it doesn't work
-        bool TryPublishAllValues();
+        //fixme return an Attempt with some error results if it doesn't work
+        //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+        //bool TryPublishAllValues();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Publishes values.
@@ -190,8 +191,9 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
         /// <remarks>
         /// <para>The document must then be published via the content service.</para>
         /// <para>Values are not published if they are not valie.</para>
-        /// </remarks>
-        bool PublishCultureValues(string culture = null);
+        /// </remarks>
+        //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+        //bool PublishCultureValues(string culture = null);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Clears all published values.
diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContentBase.cs b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContentBase.cs
index 3007eea900..e127b42fe9 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContentBase.cs
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/IContentBase.cs
@@ -108,20 +108,36 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
         /// Sets the (edited) value of a Property
         /// </summary>
         void SetValue(string propertyTypeAlias, object value, string culture = null, string segment = null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the content and property values are valid in order to be persisted.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="culture"></param>
+        /// <param name="segment"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        bool IsValid(string culture = null, string segment = null);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets a value indicating whether the content and all its properties values are valid.
-        /// </summary>
-        Property[] ValidateAll();
+        /// Gets a value indicating if all properties values are valid.
+        /// </summary>
+        //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+        //Property[] ValidateAllProperties();
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets a value indicating whether the content and its properties values are valid.
+        /// Validates the content item's properties for the provided culture/segment
         /// </summary>
-        Property[] Validate(string culture = null, string segment = null);
+        /// <param name="culture"></param>
+        /// <param name="segment"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This will not perform validation for properties that do not match the required ContentVariation based on the culture/segment values provided
+        /// </remarks>
+        Property[] ValidateProperties(string culture = null, string segment = null);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets a value indicating whether the content and its culture/any properties values are valid.
-        /// </summary>
-        Property[] ValidateCulture(string culture = null);
+        /// Gets a value indicating if the culture properties values are valid.
+        /// </summary>
+        //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+        //Property[] ValidatePropertiesForCulture(string culture = null);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Property.cs b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Property.cs
index 19a63925df..bb4c7f338d 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Property.cs
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Core/Models/Property.cs
@@ -332,11 +332,13 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets a value indicating whether everything is valid.
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether all properties are valid.
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
-        public bool IsAllValid()
-        {
+        internal bool IsAllValid()
+        {
+            //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+
             // invariant-neutral is supported, validate invariant-neutral
             // includes mandatory validation
             if (PropertyType.ValidateVariation(null, null, false) && !IsValidValue(_pvalue)) return false;
@@ -359,8 +361,10 @@ namespace Umbraco.Core.Models
         /// Gets a value indicating whether the culture/any values are valid.
         /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>An invalid value can be saved, but only valid values can be published.</remarks>
-        public bool IsCultureValid(string culture)
-        {
+        internal bool IsCultureValid(string culture)
+        {
+            //fixme - needs API review as this is not used apart from in tests
+
             // culture-neutral is supported, validate culture-neutral
             // includes mandatory validation
             if (PropertyType.ValidateVariation(culture, null, false) && !IsValidValue(GetValue(culture)))
diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Tests/Services/ContentServiceTests.cs b/src/Umbraco.Tests/Services/ContentServiceTests.cs
index aa70b453d1..84f8773ed4 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Tests/Services/ContentServiceTests.cs
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Tests/Services/ContentServiceTests.cs
@@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ namespace Umbraco.Tests.Services
 
             // content cannot publish values because they are invalid
             Assert.IsFalse(contentCanPublishValues);
-            Assert.IsNotEmpty(content.Validate());
+            Assert.IsNotEmpty(content.ValidateProperties());
 
             // and therefore cannot be published,
             // because it did not have a published version at all
diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Web.UI.Client/src/views/common/overlays/publish/publish.controller.js b/src/Umbraco.Web.UI.Client/src/views/common/overlays/publish/publish.controller.js
index ec377c913f..cebbdea7fd 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Web.UI.Client/src/views/common/overlays/publish/publish.controller.js
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Web.UI.Client/src/views/common/overlays/publish/publish.controller.js
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
             _.each(vm.variants,
                 function (variant) {
-                    variant.compositeId = variant.language.id + "_" + (variant.segment ? variant.segment : "");
+                    variant.compositeId = variant.language.culture + "_" + (variant.segment ? variant.segment : "");
                     variant.htmlId = "publish_variant_" + variant.compositeId;
 
                     //check for pristine variants
diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Web/Editors/ContentController.cs b/src/Umbraco.Web/Editors/ContentController.cs
index 14d5029682..2caa64fc98 100644
--- a/src/Umbraco.Web/Editors/ContentController.cs
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Web/Editors/ContentController.cs
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ namespace Umbraco.Web.Editors
                     if (!contentItem.PersistedContent.IsCulturePublished(lang.IsoCode))
                     {
                         var errMsg = Services.TextService.Localize("speechBubbles/contentReqCulturePublishError", new[] { allLangs[lang.IsoCode].CultureName });
-                        ModelState.AddModelError("publish_variant_" + lang.Id + "_", errMsg);
+                        ModelState.AddModelError("publish_variant_" + lang.IsoCode + "_", errMsg);
                         canPublish = false;
                     }
                 }
@@ -751,10 +751,10 @@ namespace Umbraco.Web.Editors
                     //validate all other variants to be published
                     foreach (var publishVariation in otherVariantsToValidate)
                     {
-                        //validate the culture property values, we don't need to validate any invariant property values here because they will have
+                        //validate the content item and the culture property values, we don't need to validate any invariant property values here because they will have
                         //been validated in the post.
-                        var invalidProperties = contentItem.PersistedContent.Validate(publishVariation.Culture);
-                        if (invalidProperties.Length > 0)
+                        var valid = contentItem.PersistedContent.IsValid(publishVariation.Culture);
+                        if (!valid)
                         {
                             var errMsg = Services.TextService.Localize("speechBubbles/contentCultureValidationError", new[] { allLangs[publishVariation.Culture].CultureName });
                             ModelState.AddModelError("publish_variant_" + publishVariation.Culture + "_", errMsg);