diff --git a/umbraco/cms/businesslogic/events/EventArgs.cs b/umbraco/cms/businesslogic/events/EventArgs.cs
index 578c70efb8..3514065cee 100644
--- a/umbraco/cms/businesslogic/events/EventArgs.cs
+++ b/umbraco/cms/businesslogic/events/EventArgs.cs
@@ -57,5 +57,9 @@ namespace umbraco.cms.businesslogic {
         public int ParentId { get; internal set; }
     }
 
+    public class ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs : System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs
+    {
+        public bool CancelChildren { get; set; }
+    }
     
 }
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/content.cs b/umbraco/presentation/content.cs
index b7d44030f3..b330a41e29 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/content.cs
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/content.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using System.Xml.XPath;
 
 using umbraco.BusinessLogic;
 using umbraco.BusinessLogic.Actions;
+using umbraco.cms.businesslogic;
 using umbraco.cms.businesslogic.cache;
 using umbraco.cms.businesslogic.web;
 using umbraco.DataLayer;
@@ -743,6 +744,88 @@ namespace umbraco
         }
 
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when [after loading the xml string from the database and creating the xml node].
+        /// </summary>
+        public delegate void ContentCacheLoadNodeEventHandler(XmlNode xmlNode, cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs e);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when [after loading the xml string from the database].
+        /// </summary>
+        public delegate void ContentCacheDatabaseLoadXmlStringEventHandler(ref string xml, cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs e);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when [after loading the xml string from the database].
+        /// </summary>
+        public static event ContentCacheDatabaseLoadXmlStringEventHandler AfterContentCacheDatabaseLoadXmlString;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fires the before when creating the document cache from database
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">The sender.</param>
+        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="umbraco.cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
+        internal static void FireAfterContentCacheDatabaseLoadXmlString(ref string xml, cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (AfterContentCacheDatabaseLoadXmlString != null)
+            {
+                AfterContentCacheDatabaseLoadXmlString(ref xml, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when [before when creating the document cache from database].
+        /// </summary>
+        public static event ContentCacheLoadNodeEventHandler BeforeContentCacheLoadNode;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fires the before when creating the document cache from database
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">The sender.</param>
+        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="umbraco.cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
+        internal static void FireBeforeContentCacheLoadNode(XmlNode node, cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (BeforeContentCacheLoadNode != null)
+            {
+                BeforeContentCacheLoadNode(node, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when [after loading document cache xml node from database].
+        /// </summary>
+        public static event ContentCacheLoadNodeEventHandler AfterContentCacheLoadNodeFromDatabase;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fires the after loading document cache xml node from database
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">The sender.</param>
+        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="umbraco.cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
+        internal static void FireAfterContentCacheLoadNodeFromDatabase(XmlNode node, cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (AfterContentCacheLoadNodeFromDatabase != null)
+            {
+                AfterContentCacheLoadNodeFromDatabase(node, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when [before a publish action updates the content cache].
+        /// </summary>
+        public static event ContentCacheLoadNodeEventHandler BeforePublishNodeToContentCache;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fires the before a publish action updates the content cache
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">The sender.</param>
+        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="umbraco.cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
+        public static void FireBeforePublishNodeToContentCache(XmlNode node, cms.businesslogic.ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (BeforePublishNodeToContentCache != null)
+            {
+                BeforePublishNodeToContentCache(node, e);
+            }
+        }
+
 
         #endregion
 
@@ -904,21 +987,40 @@ order by umbracoNode.level, umbracoNode.sortOrder";
                             {
                                 int currentId = dr.GetInt("id");
                                 int parentId = dr.GetInt("parentId");
+                                var xml = dr.GetString("xml");
 
-                                // Retrieve the xml content from the database
-                                // and parse it into a DOM node
-                                xmlDoc.LoadXml(dr.GetString("xml"));
-                                nodeIndex.Add(currentId, xmlDoc.FirstChild);
-
-                                // Build the content hierarchy
-                                List<int> children;
-                                if (!hierarchy.TryGetValue(parentId, out children))
+                                // Call the eventhandler to allow modification of the string
+                                var e1 = new ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs();
+                                FireAfterContentCacheDatabaseLoadXmlString(ref xml, e1);
+                                // check if a listener has canceled the event
+                                if (!e1.Cancel)
                                 {
-                                    // No children for this parent, so add one
-                                    children = new List<int>();
-                                    hierarchy.Add(parentId, children);
+                                    // and parse it into a DOM node
+                                    xmlDoc.LoadXml(xml);
+                                    var node = xmlDoc.FirstChild;
+                                    // same event handler loader form the xml node
+                                    var e2 = new ContentCacheLoadNodeEventArgs();
+                                    FireAfterContentCacheLoadNodeFromDatabase(node, e2);
+                                    // and checking if it was canceled again
+                                    if (!e1.Cancel)
+                                    {
+                                        nodeIndex.Add(currentId, node);
+
+                                        // verify if either of the handlers canceled the children to load
+                                        if (!e1.CancelChildren && !e2.CancelChildren)
+                                        {
+                                            // Build the content hierarchy
+                                            List<int> children;
+                                            if (!hierarchy.TryGetValue(parentId, out children))
+                                            {
+                                                // No children for this parent, so add one
+                                                children = new List<int>();
+                                                hierarchy.Add(parentId, children);
+                                            }
+                                            children.Add(currentId);
+                                        }
+                                    }
                                 }
-                                children.Add(currentId);
                             }
                         }
                     }
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/macro.cs b/umbraco/presentation/macro.cs
index 6cf0b3afa4..1ddb506386 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/macro.cs
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/macro.cs
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ namespace umbraco
 
         private static Hashtable _macroAlias = new Hashtable();
 
+        public IList<Exception> Exceptions = new List<Exception>();
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, macro> macroObjectCache = new Dictionary<string, macro>();
+
         /// <summary>Cache for <see cref="GetPredefinedXsltExtensions"/>.</summary>
         private static Dictionary<string, object> m_PredefinedExtensions;
 
@@ -148,9 +151,9 @@ namespace umbraco
         {
             macroID = id;
 
-            if (macroCache[macroCacheIdentifier + id] != null)
+            if (macroObjectCache.ContainsKey(macroCacheIdentifier + id))
             {
-                var tempMacro = (macro)macroCache[macroCacheIdentifier + id];
+                var tempMacro = macroObjectCache[macroCacheIdentifier + id];
                 Name = tempMacro.Name;
                 Alias = tempMacro.Alias;
                 ScriptType = tempMacro.ScriptType;
@@ -226,7 +229,8 @@ namespace umbraco
                     }
                 }
                 // add current macro-object to cache
-                macroCache.Insert(macroCacheIdentifier + id, this);
+                if (!macroObjectCache.ContainsKey(macroCacheIdentifier + id))
+                    macroObjectCache.Add(macroCacheIdentifier + id, this);
             }
 
             macroType = (int)Macro.FindMacroType(XsltFile, ScriptFile, ScriptType, ScriptAssembly);
@@ -313,16 +317,16 @@ namespace umbraco
             ClearAliasCache();
             if (macroID > 0)
             {
-                if (macroCache[macroCacheIdentifier + macroID] != null)
+                if (macroObjectCache.ContainsKey(macroCacheIdentifier + macroID))
                 {
-                    macroCache.Remove(macroCacheIdentifier + macroID);
+                    macroObjectCache.Remove(macroCacheIdentifier + macroID);
                     return true;
                 }
-                else
-                    return false;
-            }
-            else
                 return false;
+
+            }
+            return false;
+
         }
 
         private string getCacheGuid(MacroModel model, Hashtable pageElements, int pageId)
@@ -416,6 +420,7 @@ namespace umbraco
                         }
                         catch (Exception e)
                         {
+                            Exceptions.Add(e);
                             HttpContext.Current.Trace.Warn("umbracoMacro",
                                                            "Error loading userControl (" + scriptType + ")", e);
                             macroControl = new LiteralControl("Error loading userControl '" + scriptType + "'");
@@ -431,6 +436,7 @@ namespace umbraco
                         }
                         catch (Exception e)
                         {
+                            Exceptions.Add(e);
                             HttpContext.Current.Trace.Warn("umbracoMacro",
                                                            "Error loading customControl (Assembly: " + scriptAssembly +
                                                            ", Type: '" + scriptType + "'", e);
@@ -453,6 +459,7 @@ namespace umbraco
                         }
                         catch (Exception e)
                         {
+                            Exceptions.Add(e);
                             HttpContext.Current.Trace.Warn("umbracoMacro",
                                                            "Error loading MacroEngine script (file: " + ScriptFile +
                                                            ", Type: '" + scriptType + "'", e);
@@ -673,6 +680,8 @@ namespace umbraco
                         }
                         catch (Exception e)
                         {
+                            Exceptions.Add(e);
+
                             // inner exception code by Daniel Lindström from SBBS.se
                             Exception ie = e;
                             while (ie != null)
@@ -685,6 +694,7 @@ namespace umbraco
                     }
                     catch (Exception e)
                     {
+                        Exceptions.Add(e);
                         HttpContext.Current.Trace.Warn("umbracoMacro", "Error loading XSLT " + xsltFile, e);
                         return new LiteralControl("Error reading XSLT file: \\xslt\\" + XsltFile);
                     }
@@ -804,7 +814,7 @@ namespace umbraco
 
             return umbraco.cms.businesslogic.cache.Cache.GetCacheItem(
                 _xsltExtensionsCacheKey, _xsltExtensionsSyncLock,
-                CacheItemPriority.Normal, // normal priority
+                CacheItemPriority.NotRemovable, // NH 4.7.1, Changing to NotRemovable
                 null, // no refresh action
                 new CacheDependency(_xsltExtensionsConfig), // depends on the .config file
                 TimeSpan.FromDays(1), // expires in 1 day (?)
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DesktopMediaUploader.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DesktopMediaUploader.ascx
index 09f6a270f7..57283b16ee 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DesktopMediaUploader.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DesktopMediaUploader.ascx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <script type="text/javascript" src="/umbraco/dashboard/scripts/swfobject.js"></script>
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Desktop Media Uploader</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/dmu.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/dmu.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
     <p><strong>Desktop Media Uploader</strong> is a small desktop application that you can install on your computer which allows you to easily upload media items directly to the media section.</p>
     <p>The badge below will auto configure itself based upon whether you already have <strong>Desktop Media Uploader</strong> installed or not.</p>
     <p>Just click the <strong>Install Now / Upgrade Now / Launch Now</strong> link to perform that action.</p>
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardIntro.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardIntro.ascx
index 448dade455..cb502bc125 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardIntro.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardIntro.ascx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>
         Start here</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
     <h3>
         This section contains the tools to add advanced features to your Umbraco site</h3>
     <p>
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardVideos.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardVideos.ascx
index dcd404e7d3..3c301a7bf7 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardVideos.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/DeveloperDashboardVideos.ascx
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 
   <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Watch and learn</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
         <h3>Hours of Umbraco training videos are only a click away</h3>
         <p>
             Want to master Umbraco Macros and more? Spend a couple of minutes learning some best practices
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardIntro.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardIntro.ascx
index b5fbfe8d4c..0ab1cc56cd 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardIntro.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardIntro.ascx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>
         Start here</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
     <h3>
         Get started with Media right now</h3>
     <p>
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardVideos.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardVideos.ascx
index dd3e0d26c5..87e3432aab 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardVideos.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MediaDashboardVideos.ascx
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 </script>
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Watch and learn</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
         <h3>Hours of Umbraco training videos are only a click away</h3>
         <p>
             Want to master Umbraco? Spend a couple of minutes learning some best practices
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardIntro.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardIntro.ascx
index 2ca8c7d02c..4969c1ed9d 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardIntro.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardIntro.ascx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>
         Start here</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
     <h3>
         Get started with Members right now</h3>
     <p>
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardVideos.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardVideos.ascx
index 539c3c8822..bf141cfd57 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardVideos.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/MembersDashboardVideos.ascx
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 </script>
   <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Watch and learn</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
         <h3>Hours of Umbraco training videos are only a click away</h3>
         <p>
             Want to master Umbraco Members? Spend a couple of minutes learning some best practices
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardIntro.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardIntro.ascx
index 3c78009f3f..1a8844b0c4 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardIntro.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardIntro.ascx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>
         Start here</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
     <h3>
         This section contains the building blocks for your Umbraco site</h3>
     <p>
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardVideos.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardVideos.ascx
index 5b6eaa7255..d0aaf17f49 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardVideos.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/SettingsDashboardVideos.ascx
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 </script>
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Watch and learn</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
         <h3>Hours of Umbraco training videos are only a click away</h3>
         <p>
             Want to master Umbraco? Spend a couple of minutes learning some best practices
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardIntro.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardIntro.ascx
index 486eb0d00f..0de0c753a1 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardIntro.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardIntro.ascx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <link href="/umbraco_client/propertypane/style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Start Here</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./dashboard/images/logo32x32.png" alt="Umbraco" class="dashboardIcon" />
     <h3>Thank you for choosing Umbraco!</h3>
     <p>
         We think this could be the beginning of something beautiful. You have made a great
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardKits.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardKits.ascx
index daccd74497..b6f1d8b7ef 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardKits.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardKits.ascx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <link href="/umbraco_client/propertypane/style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Make it look great</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/starterkit32x32.png" alt="Umbraco Starter Kits Rock!" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/starterkit32x32.png" alt="Umbraco Starter Kits Rock!" class="dashboardIcon" />
     <h3>Install a Starter Site and Skin</h3>
         <p>
         If you haven't already installed one of our Starter Kits, we think you should do that now.  This is one of the best ways to start working with Umbraco.
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardVideos.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardVideos.ascx
index dd3e0d26c5..87e3432aab 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardVideos.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/dashboard/StartupDashboardVideos.ascx
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 </script>
 <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Watch and learn</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/tv.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
         <h3>Hours of Umbraco training videos are only a click away</h3>
         <p>
             Want to master Umbraco? Spend a couple of minutes learning some best practices
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/members/MemberSearch.ascx b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/members/MemberSearch.ascx
index 9bb9863be2..f30a7b7a4e 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/members/MemberSearch.ascx
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/members/MemberSearch.ascx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <%@ Register TagPrefix="cc1" Namespace="umbraco.uicontrols" Assembly="controls" %>
   <div class="dashboardWrapper">
     <h2>Member Search</h2>
-    <img src="/umbraco/dashboard/images/membersearch.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
+    <img src="./images/membersearch.png" alt="Videos" class="dashboardIcon" />
 <p class="guiDialogNormal">
 	<asp:TextBox id="searchQuery" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
 	<asp:Button id="ButtonSearch" runat="server" Text="Button" onclick="ButtonSearch_Click"></asp:Button></p>
diff --git a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/templateControls/Macro.cs b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/templateControls/Macro.cs
index ea44f42c58..584a91dc93 100644
--- a/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/templateControls/Macro.cs
+++ b/umbraco/presentation/umbraco/templateControls/Macro.cs
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ namespace umbraco.presentation.templateControls
                 ViewState["FileLocation"] = value.ToLower();
             }
         }
-
 		[Bindable(true)]
 		[Category("Umbraco")]
 		[DefaultValue(RenderEvents.Init)]
@@ -106,6 +105,8 @@ namespace umbraco.presentation.templateControls
 			Render
 		}
 
+        public IList<Exception> Exceptions = new List<Exception>();
+
 		/// <summary>
         /// Raises the <see cref="E:System.Web.UI.Control.Init"/> event.
         /// </summary>
@@ -162,7 +163,11 @@ namespace umbraco.presentation.templateControls
                 }
                 var c = tempMacro.renderMacro(model, (Hashtable)Context.Items["pageElements"], pageId);
                 if (c != null)
+                {
+                    Exceptions = tempMacro.Exceptions;
+
                     Controls.Add(c);
+                }
                 else
                     System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Trace.Warn("Template", "Result of inline macro scripting is null");