diff --git a/src/Umbraco.Core/Services/ContentQueryOperationService.cs b/src/Umbraco.Core/Services/ContentQueryOperationService.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b66e65121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Umbraco.Core/Services/ContentQueryOperationService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Events;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Models;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Persistence.Querying;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Persistence.Repositories;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Scoping;
+
+namespace Umbraco.Cms.Core.Services;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Implements content query operations (counting, filtering by type/level).
+/// </summary>
+public class ContentQueryOperationService : ContentServiceBase, IContentQueryOperationService
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Default ordering for paged queries.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly Ordering DefaultSortOrdering = Ordering.By("sortOrder");
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Logger for this service (for debugging, performance monitoring, or error tracking).
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly ILogger<ContentQueryOperationService> _logger;
+
+    public ContentQueryOperationService(
+        ICoreScopeProvider provider,
+        ILoggerFactory loggerFactory,
+        IEventMessagesFactory eventMessagesFactory,
+        IDocumentRepository documentRepository,
+        IAuditService auditService,
+        IUserIdKeyResolver userIdKeyResolver)
+        : base(provider, loggerFactory, eventMessagesFactory, documentRepository, auditService, userIdKeyResolver)
+    {
+        _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<ContentQueryOperationService>();
+    }
+
+    #region Count Operations
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int Count(string? contentTypeAlias = null)
+    {
+        using ICoreScope scope = ScopeProvider.CreateCoreScope(autoComplete: true);
+        scope.ReadLock(Constants.Locks.ContentTree);
+        return DocumentRepository.Count(contentTypeAlias);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int CountPublished(string? contentTypeAlias = null)
+    {
+        using ICoreScope scope = ScopeProvider.CreateCoreScope(autoComplete: true);
+        scope.ReadLock(Constants.Locks.ContentTree);
+        return DocumentRepository.CountPublished(contentTypeAlias);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int CountChildren(int parentId, string? contentTypeAlias = null)
+    {
+        using ICoreScope scope = ScopeProvider.CreateCoreScope(autoComplete: true);
+        scope.ReadLock(Constants.Locks.ContentTree);
+        return DocumentRepository.CountChildren(parentId, contentTypeAlias);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int CountDescendants(int parentId, string? contentTypeAlias = null)
+    {
+        using ICoreScope scope = ScopeProvider.CreateCoreScope(autoComplete: true);
+        scope.ReadLock(Constants.Locks.ContentTree);
+        return DocumentRepository.CountDescendants(parentId, contentTypeAlias);
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Hierarchy Queries
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// The returned enumerable may be lazily evaluated. Callers should materialize
+    /// results (e.g., call ToList()) if they need to access them after the scope is disposed.
+    /// This is consistent with the existing ContentService.GetByLevel implementation.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public IEnumerable<IContent> GetByLevel(int level)
+    {
+        using ICoreScope scope = ScopeProvider.CreateCoreScope(autoComplete: true);
+        scope.ReadLock(Constants.Locks.ContentTree);
+        IQuery<IContent>? query = Query<IContent>().Where(x => x.Level == level && x.Trashed == false);
+        return DocumentRepository.Get(query);
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Paged Type Queries
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public IEnumerable<IContent> GetPagedOfType(
+        int contentTypeId,
+        long pageIndex,
+        int pageSize,
+        out long totalRecords,
+        IQuery<IContent>? filter = null,
+        Ordering? ordering = null)
+    {
+        if (pageIndex < 0)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(pageIndex));
+        }
+
+        if (pageSize <= 0)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(pageSize));
+        }
+
+        ordering ??= DefaultSortOrdering;
+
+        using ICoreScope scope = ScopeProvider.CreateCoreScope(autoComplete: true);
+        scope.ReadLock(Constants.Locks.ContentTree);
+
+        // Note: filter=null is valid and means no additional filtering beyond the content type
+        return DocumentRepository.GetPage(
+            Query<IContent>()?.Where(x => x.ContentTypeId == contentTypeId),
+            pageIndex,
+            pageSize,
+            out totalRecords,
+            filter,
+            ordering);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public IEnumerable<IContent> GetPagedOfTypes(
+        int[] contentTypeIds,
+        long pageIndex,
+        int pageSize,
+        out long totalRecords,
+        IQuery<IContent>? filter = null,
+        Ordering? ordering = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(contentTypeIds);
+
+        if (pageIndex < 0)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(pageIndex));
+        }
+
+        if (pageSize <= 0)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(pageSize));
+        }
+
+        ordering ??= DefaultSortOrdering;
+
+        using ICoreScope scope = ScopeProvider.CreateCoreScope(autoComplete: true);
+
+        // Expression trees require a List for Contains() - array not supported.
+        // This O(n) copy is unavoidable but contentTypeIds is typically small.
+        List<int> contentTypeIdsAsList = [.. contentTypeIds];
+
+        scope.ReadLock(Constants.Locks.ContentTree);
+
+        // Note: filter=null is valid and means no additional filtering beyond the content types
+        return DocumentRepository.GetPage(
+            Query<IContent>()?.Where(x => contentTypeIdsAsList.Contains(x.ContentTypeId)),
+            pageIndex,
+            pageSize,
+            out totalRecords,
+            filter,
+            ordering);
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+}
diff --git a/tests/Umbraco.Tests.Integration/Umbraco.Infrastructure/Services/ContentQueryOperationServiceTests.cs b/tests/Umbraco.Tests.Integration/Umbraco.Infrastructure/Services/ContentQueryOperationServiceTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4367595bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Umbraco.Tests.Integration/Umbraco.Infrastructure/Services/ContentQueryOperationServiceTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Models;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Services;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Tests.Common.Builders;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Tests.Common.Testing;
+using Umbraco.Cms.Tests.Integration.Testing;
+
+namespace Umbraco.Cms.Tests.Integration.Umbraco.Infrastructure.Services;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Integration tests for ContentQueryOperationService.
+/// </summary>
+[TestFixture]
+[UmbracoTest(
+    Database = UmbracoTestOptions.Database.NewSchemaPerTest,
+    WithApplication = true)]
+public class ContentQueryOperationServiceTests : UmbracoIntegrationTestWithContent
+{
+    private IContentQueryOperationService QueryService => GetRequiredService<IContentQueryOperationService>();
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Count_WithNoFilter_ReturnsAllContentCount()
+    {
+        // Arrange - base class creates Textpage, Subpage, Subpage2, Subpage3, Trashed
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.Count();
+
+        // Assert - should return 5 (all items including Trashed)
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(5));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Count_WithNonExistentContentTypeAlias_ReturnsZero()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var nonExistentAlias = "nonexistent-content-type-alias";
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.Count(nonExistentAlias);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Count_WithContentTypeAlias_ReturnsFilteredCount()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var alias = ContentType.Alias;
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.Count(alias);
+
+        // Assert - all 5 content items use the same content type
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(5));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void CountChildren_ReturnsChildCount()
+    {
+        // Arrange - Textpage has children: Subpage, Subpage2, Subpage3
+        var parentId = Textpage.Id;
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.CountChildren(parentId);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(3));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetByLevel_ReturnsContentAtLevel()
+    {
+        // Arrange - level 1 is root content
+
+        // Act
+        var items = QueryService.GetByLevel(1);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(items, Is.Not.Null);
+        Assert.That(items.All(x => x.Level == 1), Is.True);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetPagedOfType_ReturnsPaginatedResults()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var contentTypeId = ContentType.Id;
+
+        // Act
+        var items = QueryService.GetPagedOfType(contentTypeId, 0, 10, out var total);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(items, Is.Not.Null);
+        Assert.That(total, Is.EqualTo(5)); // All 5 content items are of this type
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetPagedOfTypes_WithEmptyArray_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        // Act
+        var items = QueryService.GetPagedOfTypes(Array.Empty<int>(), 0, 10, out var total);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(items, Is.Empty);
+        Assert.That(total, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetPagedOfTypes_WithNonExistentContentTypeIds_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var nonExistentIds = new[] { 999999, 999998 };
+
+        // Act
+        var items = QueryService.GetPagedOfTypes(nonExistentIds, 0, 10, out var total);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(items, Is.Empty);
+        Assert.That(total, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void CountChildren_WithNonExistentParentId_ReturnsZero()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var nonExistentParentId = 999999;
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.CountChildren(nonExistentParentId);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetByLevel_WithLevelZero_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        // Arrange - level 0 doesn't exist (content starts at level 1)
+
+        // Act
+        var items = QueryService.GetByLevel(0);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(items, Is.Empty);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetByLevel_WithNegativeLevel_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+
+        // Act
+        var items = QueryService.GetByLevel(-1);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(items, Is.Empty);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetPagedOfType_WithNonExistentContentTypeId_ReturnsEmpty()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var nonExistentId = 999999;
+
+        // Act
+        var items = QueryService.GetPagedOfType(nonExistentId, 0, 10, out var total);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(items, Is.Empty);
+        Assert.That(total, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void CountDescendants_ReturnsDescendantCount()
+    {
+        // Arrange - Textpage has descendants: Subpage, Subpage2, Subpage3
+        var ancestorId = Textpage.Id;
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.CountDescendants(ancestorId);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(3));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void CountDescendants_WithNonExistentAncestorId_ReturnsZero()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var nonExistentId = 999999;
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.CountDescendants(nonExistentId);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void CountPublished_WithNoPublishedContent_ReturnsZero()
+    {
+        // Arrange - base class creates content but doesn't publish
+
+        // Act
+        var count = QueryService.CountPublished();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.That(count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+}