using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Collections;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.DependencyInjection;

namespace Umbraco.Cms.Core.Composing
{
    // note: this class is NOT thread-safe in any way

    /// <summary>
    /// Handles the composers.
    /// </summary>
    internal class ComposerGraph
    {
        private readonly IUmbracoBuilder _builder;
        private readonly ILogger<ComposerGraph> _logger;
        private readonly IEnumerable<Type> _composerTypes;
        private readonly IEnumerable<Attribute> _enableDisableAttributes;

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ComposerGraph" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="builder">The composition.</param>
        /// <param name="composerTypes">The <see cref="IComposer" /> types.</param>
        /// <param name="enableDisableAttributes">The <see cref="EnableComposerAttribute" /> and/or <see cref="DisableComposerAttribute" /> attributes.</param>
        /// <param name="logger">The logger.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">composition
        /// or
        /// composerTypes
        /// or
        /// enableDisableAttributes
        /// or
        /// logger</exception>
        public ComposerGraph(IUmbracoBuilder builder, IEnumerable<Type> composerTypes, IEnumerable<Attribute> enableDisableAttributes, ILogger<ComposerGraph> logger)
        {
            _builder = builder ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
            _composerTypes = composerTypes ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(composerTypes));
            _enableDisableAttributes = enableDisableAttributes ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(enableDisableAttributes));
            _logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
        }

        private class EnableInfo
        {
            public bool Enabled { get; set; }
            public int Weight { get; set; } = -1;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Instantiates and composes the composers.
        /// </summary>
        public void Compose()
        {
            // make sure it is there
            _builder.WithCollectionBuilder<ComponentCollectionBuilder>();

            IEnumerable<Type> orderedComposerTypes = PrepareComposerTypes();

            foreach (IComposer composer in InstantiateComposers(orderedComposerTypes))
            {
                composer.Compose(_builder);
            }
        }

        internal IEnumerable<Type> PrepareComposerTypes()
        {
            var requirements = GetRequirements();

            // only for debugging, this is verbose
            //_logger.Debug<ComposerGraph>(GetComposersReport(requirements));

            var sortedComposerTypes = SortComposers(requirements);

            // bit verbose but should help for troubleshooting
            //var text = "Ordered Composers: " + Environment.NewLine + string.Join(Environment.NewLine, sortedComposerTypes) + Environment.NewLine;
            _logger.LogDebug("Ordered Composers: {SortedComposerTypes}", sortedComposerTypes);

            return sortedComposerTypes;
        }

        internal Dictionary<Type, List<Type>> GetRequirements(bool throwOnMissing = true)
        {
            // create a list, remove those that cannot be enabled due to runtime level
            var composerTypeList = _composerTypes.ToList();

            // enable or disable composers
            EnableDisableComposers(_enableDisableAttributes, composerTypeList);

            void GatherInterfaces<TAttribute>(Type type, Func<TAttribute, Type> getTypeInAttribute, HashSet<Type> iset, List<Type> set2)
                where TAttribute : Attribute
            {
                foreach (var attribute in type.GetCustomAttributes<TAttribute>())
                {
                    var typeInAttribute = getTypeInAttribute(attribute);
                    if (typeInAttribute != null && // if the attribute references a type ...
                        typeInAttribute.IsInterface && // ... which is an interface ...
                        typeof(IComposer).IsAssignableFrom(typeInAttribute) && // ... which implements IComposer ...
                        !iset.Contains(typeInAttribute)) // ... which is not already in the list
                    {
                        // add it to the new list
                        iset.Add(typeInAttribute);
                        set2.Add(typeInAttribute);

                        // add all its interfaces implementing IComposer
                        foreach (var i in typeInAttribute.GetInterfaces().Where(x => typeof(IComposer).IsAssignableFrom(x)))
                        {
                            iset.Add(i);
                            set2.Add(i);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // gather interfaces too
            var interfaces = new HashSet<Type>(composerTypeList.SelectMany(x => x.GetInterfaces().Where(y => typeof(IComposer).IsAssignableFrom(y))));
            composerTypeList.AddRange(interfaces);
            var list1 = composerTypeList;
            while (list1.Count > 0)
            {
                var list2 = new List<Type>();
                foreach (var t in list1)
                {
                    GatherInterfaces<ComposeAfterAttribute>(t, a => a.RequiredType, interfaces, list2);
                    GatherInterfaces<ComposeBeforeAttribute>(t, a => a.RequiringType, interfaces, list2);
                }
                composerTypeList.AddRange(list2);
                list1 = list2;
            }

            // sort the composers according to their dependencies
            var requirements = new Dictionary<Type, List<Type>>();
            foreach (var type in composerTypeList)
                requirements[type] = null;
            foreach (var type in composerTypeList)
            {
                GatherRequirementsFromAfterAttribute(type, composerTypeList, requirements, throwOnMissing);
                GatherRequirementsFromBeforeAttribute(type, composerTypeList, requirements);
            }

            return requirements;
        }

        internal IEnumerable<Type> SortComposers(Dictionary<Type, List<Type>> requirements)
        {
            // sort composers
            var graph = new TopoGraph<Type, KeyValuePair<Type, List<Type>>>(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value);
            graph.AddItems(requirements);
            List<Type> sortedComposerTypes;
            try
            {
                sortedComposerTypes = graph.GetSortedItems().Select(x => x.Key).Where(x => !x.IsInterface).ToList();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                // in case of an error, force-dump everything to log
                _logger.LogInformation("Composer Report:\r\n{ComposerReport}", GetComposersReport(requirements));
                _logger.LogError(e, "Failed to sort composers.");
                throw;
            }

            return sortedComposerTypes;
        }

        internal static string GetComposersReport(Dictionary<Type, List<Type>> requirements)
        {
            var text = new StringBuilder();
            text.AppendLine("Composers & Dependencies:");
            text.AppendLine("  <  compose before");
            text.AppendLine("  >  compose after");
            text.AppendLine("  :  implements");
            text.AppendLine("  =  depends");
            text.AppendLine();

            bool HasReq(IEnumerable<Type> types, Type type)
                => types.Any(x => type.IsAssignableFrom(x) && !x.IsInterface);

            foreach (var kvp in requirements)
            {
                var type = kvp.Key;

                text.AppendLine(type.FullName);
                foreach (var attribute in type.GetCustomAttributes<ComposeAfterAttribute>())
                {
                    var weak = !(attribute.RequiredType.IsInterface ? attribute.Weak == false : attribute.Weak != true);
                    text.AppendLine("  > " + attribute.RequiredType +
                        (weak ? " (weak" : " (strong") + (HasReq(requirements.Keys, attribute.RequiredType) ? ", found" : ", missing") + ")");
                }
                foreach (var attribute in type.GetCustomAttributes<ComposeBeforeAttribute>())
                    text.AppendLine("  < " + attribute.RequiringType);
                foreach (var i in type.GetInterfaces())
                    text.AppendLine("  : " + i.FullName);
                if (kvp.Value != null)
                    foreach (var t in kvp.Value)
                        text.AppendLine("  = " + t);
                text.AppendLine();
            }
            text.AppendLine("/");
            text.AppendLine();
            return text.ToString();
        }

        private static void EnableDisableComposers(IEnumerable<Attribute> enableDisableAttributes, ICollection<Type> types)
        {
            var enabled = new Dictionary<Type, EnableInfo>();

            // process the enable/disable attributes
            // these two attributes are *not* inherited and apply to *classes* only (not interfaces).
            // remote declarations (when a composer enables/disables *another* composer)
            // have priority over local declarations (when a composer disables itself) so that
            // ppl can enable composers that, by default, are disabled.
            // what happens in case of conflicting remote declarations is unspecified. more
            // precisely, the last declaration to be processed wins, but the order of the
            // declarations depends on the type finder and is unspecified.

            void UpdateEnableInfo(Type composerType, int weight2, Dictionary<Type, EnableInfo> enabled2, bool value)
            {
                if (enabled.TryGetValue(composerType, out var enableInfo) == false) enableInfo = enabled2[composerType] = new EnableInfo();
                if (enableInfo.Weight > weight2) return;

                enableInfo.Enabled = value;
                enableInfo.Weight = weight2;
            }

            foreach (var attr in enableDisableAttributes.OfType<EnableComposerAttribute>())
            {
                var type = attr.EnabledType;
                UpdateEnableInfo(type, 2, enabled, true);
            }

            foreach (var attr in enableDisableAttributes.OfType<DisableComposerAttribute>())
            {
                var type = attr.DisabledType;
                UpdateEnableInfo(type, 2, enabled, false);
            }

            foreach (var composerType in types)
            {
                foreach (var attr in composerType.GetCustomAttributes<EnableAttribute>())
                {
                    var type = attr.EnabledType ?? composerType;
                    var weight = type == composerType ? 1 : 3;
                    UpdateEnableInfo(type, weight, enabled, true);
                }

                foreach (var attr in composerType.GetCustomAttributes<DisableAttribute>())
                {
                    var type = attr.DisabledType ?? composerType;
                    var weight = type == composerType ? 1 : 3;
                    UpdateEnableInfo(type, weight, enabled, false);
                }
            }

            // remove composers that end up being disabled
            foreach (var kvp in enabled.Where(x => x.Value.Enabled == false))
                types.Remove(kvp.Key);
        }

        private static void GatherRequirementsFromAfterAttribute(Type type, ICollection<Type> types, IDictionary<Type, List<Type>> requirements, bool throwOnMissing = true)
        {
            // get 'require' attributes
            // these attributes are *not* inherited because we want to "custom-inherit" for interfaces only
            var afterAttributes = type
                .GetInterfaces().SelectMany(x => x.GetCustomAttributes<ComposeAfterAttribute>()) // those marking interfaces
                .Concat(type.GetCustomAttributes<ComposeAfterAttribute>()); // those marking the composer

            // what happens in case of conflicting attributes (different strong/weak for same type) is not specified.
            foreach (var attr in afterAttributes)
            {
                if (attr.RequiredType == type) continue; // ignore self-requirements (+ exclude in implems, below)

                // requiring an interface = require any enabled composer implementing that interface
                // unless strong, and then require at least one enabled composer implementing that interface
                if (attr.RequiredType.IsInterface)
                {
                    var implems = types.Where(x => x != type && attr.RequiredType.IsAssignableFrom(x) && !x.IsInterface).ToList();
                    if (implems.Count > 0)
                    {
                        if (requirements[type] == null) requirements[type] = new List<Type>();
                        requirements[type].AddRange(implems);
                    }
                    else if (attr.Weak == false && throwOnMissing) // if explicitly set to !weak, is strong, else is weak
                        throw new Exception($"Broken composer dependency: {type.FullName} -> {attr.RequiredType.FullName}.");
                }
                // requiring a class = require that the composer is enabled
                // unless weak, and then requires it if it is enabled
                else
                {
                    if (types.Contains(attr.RequiredType))
                    {
                        if (requirements[type] == null) requirements[type] = new List<Type>();
                        requirements[type].Add(attr.RequiredType);
                    }
                    else if (attr.Weak != true && throwOnMissing) // if not explicitly set to weak, is strong
                        throw new Exception($"Broken composer dependency: {type.FullName} -> {attr.RequiredType.FullName}.");
                }
            }
        }

        private static void GatherRequirementsFromBeforeAttribute(Type type, ICollection<Type> types, IDictionary<Type, List<Type>> requirements)
        {
            // get 'required' attributes
            // these attributes are *not* inherited because we want to "custom-inherit" for interfaces only
            var beforeAttributes = type
                .GetInterfaces().SelectMany(x => x.GetCustomAttributes<ComposeBeforeAttribute>()) // those marking interfaces
                .Concat(type.GetCustomAttributes<ComposeBeforeAttribute>()); // those marking the composer

            foreach (var attr in beforeAttributes)
            {
                if (attr.RequiringType == type) continue; // ignore self-requirements (+ exclude in implems, below)

                // required by an interface = by any enabled composer implementing this that interface
                if (attr.RequiringType.IsInterface)
                {
                    var implems = types.Where(x => x != type && attr.RequiringType.IsAssignableFrom(x) && !x.IsInterface).ToList();
                    foreach (var implem in implems)
                    {
                        if (requirements[implem] == null) requirements[implem] = new List<Type>();
                        requirements[implem].Add(type);
                    }
                }
                // required by a class
                else
                {
                    if (types.Contains(attr.RequiringType))
                    {
                        if (requirements[attr.RequiringType] == null) requirements[attr.RequiringType] = new List<Type>();
                        requirements[attr.RequiringType].Add(type);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private static IEnumerable<IComposer> InstantiateComposers(IEnumerable<Type> types)
        {
            foreach (Type type in types)
            {
                ConstructorInfo ctor = type.GetConstructor(Array.Empty<Type>());

                if (ctor == null)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Composer {type.FullName} does not have a parameter-less constructor.");
                }

                yield return (IComposer) ctor.Invoke(Array.Empty<object>());
            }
        }
    }
}