Umbraco-CMS/src/Umbraco.Core/GuidUtils.cs

using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Umbraco.Cms.Core
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Utility methods for the <see cref="Guid"/> struct.
    /// </summary>
    public static class GuidUtils
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Combines two guid instances utilizing an exclusive disjunction.
        /// The resultant guid is not guaranteed to be unique since the number of unique bits is halved.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a">The first guid.</param>
        /// <param name="b">The seconds guid.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static Guid Combine(Guid a, Guid b)
        {
            var ad = new DecomposedGuid(a);
            var bd = new DecomposedGuid(b);

            ad.Hi ^= bd.Hi;
            ad.Lo ^= bd.Lo;

            return ad.Value;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// A decomposed guid. Allows access to the high and low bits without unsafe code.
        /// </summary>
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
        private struct DecomposedGuid
        {
            [FieldOffset(00)] public Guid Value;
            [FieldOffset(00)] public long Hi;
            [FieldOffset(08)] public long Lo;

            public DecomposedGuid(Guid value) : this() => this.Value = value;
        }

        private static readonly char[] Base32Table =
        {
            'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p',
            'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5'
        };

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts a Guid into a base-32 string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="guid">A Guid.</param>
        /// <param name="length">The string length.</param>
        /// <returns>A base-32 encoded string.</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// <para>A base-32 string representation of a Guid is the shortest, efficient, representation
        /// that is case insensitive (base-64 is case sensitive).</para>
        /// <para>Length must be 1-26, anything else becomes 26.</para>
        /// </remarks>
        public static string ToBase32String(Guid guid, int length = 26)
        {
            if (length <= 0 || length > 26)
                length = 26;

            var bytes = guid.ToByteArray(); // a Guid is 128 bits ie 16 bytes

            // this could be optimized by making it unsafe,
            // and fixing the table + bytes + chars (see Convert.ToBase64CharArray)

            // each block of 5 bytes = 5*8 = 40 bits
            // becomes 40 bits = 8*5 = 8 byte-32 chars
            // a Guid is 3 blocks + 8 bits

            // so it turns into a 3*8+2 = 26 chars string
            var chars = new char[length];

            var i = 0;
            var j = 0;

            while (i < 15)
            {
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[(bytes[i] & 0b1111_1000) >> 3];
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[((bytes[i] & 0b0000_0111) << 2) | ((bytes[i + 1] & 0b1100_0000) >> 6)];
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[(bytes[i + 1] & 0b0011_1110) >> 1];
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[(bytes[i + 1] & 0b0000_0001) | ((bytes[i + 2] & 0b1111_0000) >> 4)];
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[((bytes[i + 2] & 0b0000_1111) << 1) | ((bytes[i + 3] & 0b1000_0000) >> 7)];
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[(bytes[i + 3] & 0b0111_1100) >> 2];
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[((bytes[i + 3] & 0b0000_0011) << 3) | ((bytes[i + 4] & 0b1110_0000) >> 5)];
                if (j == length) break;
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[bytes[i + 4] & 0b0001_1111];

                i += 5;
            }

            if (j < length)
                chars[j++] = Base32Table[(bytes[i] & 0b1111_1000) >> 3];
            if (j < length)
                chars[j] = Base32Table[(bytes[i] & 0b0000_0111) << 2];

            return new string(chars);
        }
    }
}